1. Which state led the unification of Germany?
Answer: Prussia
Explanation: Prussia, under King Wilhelm I, led the movement to unify Germany.
2. Who was the chief architect of German unification?
Answer: Bismarck
Explanation: Otto von Bismarck, the Prussian chief minister, played a key role in German unification.
3. In which year was Germany unified?
Answer: 1871
Explanation: Germany was officially unified in 1871, with Wilhelm I as Emperor.
4. Where was the German Empire proclaimed?
Answer: Versailles
Explanation: The German Empire was proclaimed in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles.
5. Which war helped complete German unification?
Answer: Franco-Prussian
Explanation: The Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) led to the final unification of Germany.
6. What was the dominant German state after unification?
Answer: Prussia
Explanation: Prussia became the dominant power in the newly unified German Empire.
7. Which European empire controlled Northern Italy before unification?
Answer: Austria
Explanation: Austria controlled Lombardy and Venetia, resisting Italian nationalist movements.
8. Who was the Prime Minister of Sardinia-Piedmont?
Answer: Cavour
Explanation: Count Camillo di Cavour was the chief minister who led Italian unification through diplomacy.
9. Who led the Red Shirts in military campaigns?
Answer: Garibaldi
Explanation: Giuseppe Garibaldi, along with his Red Shirts army, fought to unify Southern Italy.
10. When was the Kingdom of Italy officially proclaimed?
Answer: 1861
Explanation: Italy was officially unified in 1861, with Victor Emmanuel II as king.
