Proscience

Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) from the Given Topics

Struggle Against Apartheid

1. What was apartheid in South Africa?

A) A system of racial discrimination

B) A movement for women’s rights

C) A law for economic reforms

D) A trade agreement between African countries

2. How were black South Africans treated under apartheid?

A) They were given equal rights as whites

B) They were allowed to vote but not hold office

C) They were denied access to white-only areas

D) They were given special privileges

3. What was the role of the African National Congress (ANC)?

A) To support apartheid policies

B) To fight against racial discrimination

C) To represent only white South Africans

D) To create a separate country for blacks

4. Which leader spent 28 years in prison fighting against apartheid?

A) Mahatma Gandhi

B) Nelson Mandela

C) Martin Luther King Jr.

D) Kwame Nkrumah

5. When did apartheid officially end in South Africa?

A) 1980

B) 1990

C) 1994

D) 2000

Towards a New Constitution

1. What was the key reason the South African government ended apartheid?

A) Pressure from international sanctions and internal protests

B) Lack of economic resources

C) Desire to establish a monarchy

D) Military intervention by other countries

2. What significant event happened on April 26, 1994, in South Africa?

A) Nelson Mandela was imprisoned

B) The first democratic elections were held

C) South Africa declared war on Britain

D) Apartheid laws were introduced

3. What was the main goal of the new South African Constitution?

A) To establish white supremacy

B) To create a democratic society with equal rights for all

C) To give political power only to the ANC

D) To limit voting rights to certain groups

4. What did Nelson Mandela say about the transition from apartheid to democracy?

A) “We must take revenge on the oppressors.”

B) “We must build a new South Africa based on equality and justice.”

C) “Only black South Africans should rule the country.”

D) “Apartheid should continue in some form.”

5. How did the new South African Constitution ensure democracy?

A) By giving the military control over governance

B) By allowing only black South Africans to vote

C) By providing equal rights and protection under the law

D) By allowing only ANC leaders to make laws

Democratic Constitution in South Africa

1. What was unique about the South African Constitution?

A) It was written only for black South Africans

B) It was created after extensive discussion and compromise

C) It was imposed by a foreign country

D) It only focused on economic policies

2. Which of the following was NOT a feature of the new South African Constitution?

A) Equal rights for all citizens

B) Protection of minority rights

C) Absolute power for the ruling party

D) A democratic system based on equality

3. What was the biggest challenge in drafting South Africa’s new Constitution?

A) Convincing white South Africans to leave the country

B) Ensuring that all racial groups agreed on a peaceful transition

C) Maintaining apartheid laws

D) Stopping international intervention

4. How did the new Constitution promote reconciliation?

A) By punishing all white South Africans

B) By excluding former apartheid supporters

C) By ensuring forgiveness and equal treatment for all

D) By banning opposition parties

5. Why is the South African Constitution admired globally?

A) It is the longest Constitution ever written

B) It sets a model for justice, human rights, and democracy

C) It only benefits a specific racial group

D) It gives the military full control over governance

Answers and Explanations

Struggle Against Apartheid

1. Correct Answer: A) A system of racial discrimination

• Explanation: Apartheid was a policy that segregated people based on race .

2. Correct Answer: C) They were denied access to white-only areas

• Explanation: Black South Africans faced severe restrictions, including movement control .

3. Correct Answer: B) To fight against racial discrimination

• Explanation: The ANC led the resistance against apartheid .

4. Correct Answer: B) Nelson Mandela

• Explanation: Mandela was imprisoned for his activism against apartheid .

5. Correct Answer: C) 1994

• Explanation: In 1994, South Africa held its first free elections, ending apartheid .

Towards a New Constitution

1. Correct Answer: A) Pressure from international sanctions and internal protests

• Explanation: Global condemnation and internal struggles forced the government to change .

2. Correct Answer: B) The first democratic elections were held

• Explanation: South Africa held its first multiracial elections on April 26, 1994 .

3. Correct Answer: B) To create a democratic society with equal rights for all

• Explanation: The new Constitution aimed for racial equality and justice .

4. Correct Answer: B) “We must build a new South Africa based on equality and justice.”

• Explanation: Mandela emphasized reconciliation rather than revenge .

5. Correct Answer: C) By providing equal rights and protection under the law

• Explanation: The Constitution ensured equal rights for all South Africans .

Democratic Constitution in South Africa

1. Correct Answer: B) It was created after extensive discussion and compromise

• Explanation: The Constitution was drafted after years of negotiations .

2. Correct Answer: C) Absolute power for the ruling party

• Explanation: The Constitution ensured democracy, not one-party rule .

3. Correct Answer: B) Ensuring that all racial groups agreed on a peaceful transition

• Explanation: Trust-building was a crucial challenge in the transition .

4. Correct Answer: C) By ensuring forgiveness and equal treatment for all

• Explanation: The Constitution promoted unity and reconciliation .

5. Correct Answer: B) It sets a model for justice, human rights, and democracy

• Explanation: The South African Constitution is praised for its inclusivity and fairness .

These MCQs and explanations are directly based on your provided PDF content from NCERT Political Science. Let me know if you need further modifications or additional questions!