1. Which empire ruled over diverse ethnic groups in Central Europe?
Answer: Habsburg
Explanation: The Habsburg Empire controlled Austria-Hungary and had a mix of Germans, Magyars, Slavs, and Italians, making unity difficult.
2. What was the dominant social class in Europe before nationalism spread?
Answer: Aristocracy
Explanation: The landed aristocracy dominated Europe, speaking French for diplomacy, controlling land, and uniting through marriage.
3. Which political ideology was linked with nationalism in the 19th century?
Answer: Liberalism
Explanation: Liberalism, meaning freedom of individuals and equality before law, was closely tied to nationalism in Europe.
4. Which year saw revolutions across Europe demanding nation-states?
Answer: 1848
Explanation: The Revolutions of 1848 involved artisans, industrial workers, and peasants revolting against economic hardship.
5. What was the economic policy favored by liberal nationalists?
Answer: Free Trade
Explanation: Liberal nationalists supported free markets, removing state-imposed restrictions on goods and capital.
6. Who played a major role in German unification?
Answer: Bismarck
Explanation: Otto von Bismarck used wars and diplomacy to unify Germany under Prussian leadership from 1866-1871.
7. Which war helped in the unification of Italy?
Answer: Austro-Prussian
Explanation: The Austro-Prussian War (1866) helped Italy gain Venetia from Austria, contributing to its unification.
8. What was the main demand of middle-class nationalists?
Answer: Constitution
Explanation: Middle-class nationalists in the 19th century demanded constitutions and representative governments.
9. Which economic union helped in German unification?
Answer: Zollverein
Explanation: The Zollverein (1834) was a customs union that removed trade barriers and strengthened German nationalism.
10. What was the nationalist movement in the Balkans called?
Answer: Slavism
Explanation: Slav nationalism emerged in the Balkans, leading to independence struggles against the Habsburg and Ottoman Empires.
