1. Which class dominated Europe politically and socially?
Answer: Aristocracy
Explanation: The landed aristocracy was the dominant class, owning large estates and speaking French for diplomacy.
2. What was the primary occupation of the aristocracy?
Answer: Landowning
Explanation: Aristocrats controlled large agricultural estates, earning wealth from land and tenant farmers.
3. Which language was commonly used by European aristocrats?
Answer: French
Explanation: French was the preferred language for diplomatic and high-society interactions among European aristocrats.
4. What class emerged due to industrialization?
Answer: Middle
Explanation: The new middle class arose with industrial growth, comprising businessmen, professionals, and industrialists.
5. Which economic system was supported by the middle class?
Answer: Capitalism
Explanation: The middle class supported capitalism, which emphasized free markets, private property, and economic liberalism.
6. What was the largest social group in Europe?
Answer: Peasantry
Explanation: Despite the aristocracy’s power, peasants made up the majority of the European population, especially in Eastern Europe.
7. What system dominated agriculture in Eastern Europe?
Answer: Serfdom
Explanation: In Eastern and Central Europe, vast estates were cultivated by serfs, unlike the tenant-based system in the West.
8. Which factor contributed to the middle class’s rise?
Answer: Industrialization
Explanation: The growth of industrial production and trade in the 19th century led to the emergence of a powerful middle class.
9. Which political ideology was popular among the middle class?
Answer: Liberalism
Explanation: The middle class supported liberalism, which emphasized constitutional government, individual rights, and economic freedom.
10. What did the middle class demand in politics?
Answer: Constitution
Explanation: The middle class demanded constitutions, pushing for representative government and the abolition of aristocratic privileges.
