1. Which state led the unification of Italy?
Answer: Piedmont
Explanation: Sardinia-Piedmont played a leading role in the unification of Italy under Victor Emmanuel II.
2. Who was the chief minister behind Italian unification?
Answer: Cavour
Explanation: Count Camillo di Cavour, Prime Minister of Sardinia-Piedmont, used diplomacy to unify Italy.
3. Who led the Red Shirts in the military campaigns?
Answer: Garibaldi
Explanation: Giuseppe Garibaldi and his Red Shirts army played a crucial role in uniting Southern Italy.
4. Which European power controlled Northern Italy before unification?
Answer: Austria
Explanation: Austria ruled Lombardy and Venetia, resisting Italian nationalist movements.
5. When was the Kingdom of Italy officially proclaimed?
Answer: 1861
Explanation: The Kingdom of Italy was declared in 1861, with Victor Emmanuel II as king.
6. Which war helped Italy gain Venetia?
Answer: 1866
Explanation: The Austro-Prussian War (1866) allowed Italy to gain Venetia from Austria.
7. What was the last city to join Italy?
Answer: Rome
Explanation: Rome joined Italy in 1870, after French troops withdrew from the Papal States.
8. Who strongly opposed Italian unification?
Answer: Pope
Explanation: The Pope opposed unification because he wanted to retain control over the Papal States.
9. Which agreement secured French support for Italy?
Answer: Plombières
Explanation: The Plombières Agreement (1858) was a secret deal between Cavour and Napoleon III.
10. What nationalist secret society did Mazzini found?
Answer: Young
Explanation: Young Italy was founded by Giuseppe Mazzini to promote nationalism and republicanism.
